| 1 | Water-Based Intumescent Coating | Acrylic, vinyl-acrylic or other water-dispersed resin with reactive additives | Structural steel, cellular beams and selected interior timber systems | Expands into an insulating char layer when exposed to heat | Commercial buildingsOfficesIndoor steelwork | EN 13381-8; UL 263; ASTM E119; ISO 834, where applicable to the tested system | Low solvent emissions, clean appearance, easy color matching and efficient application in controlled environments | Moisture, condensation and low-temperature conditions can affect application and curing | Widely available through architectural, construction and passive-fire-protection distribution channels |
| 2 | Solvent-Based Intumescent Coating | Solvent-borne acrylic, epoxy ester or modified hydrocarbon resin systems | Structural steel, exposed metalwork and selected industrial assets | Forms a thermally insulating carbonaceous char during fire exposure | Industrial plantsExterior steelRenovation work | EN 13381-8; UL 263; ASTM E119; project-specific national fire-test requirements | Good tolerance of variable site conditions and strong compatibility with protective primer systems | VOC emissions, flammability during application and solvent-management requirements | Common in regions with established industrial maintenance and heavy-duty coating markets |
| 3 | Epoxy Intumescent Coating | Two-component epoxy resin with reactive fire-protection additives | Carbon steel, offshore structures, petrochemical equipment and heavy-duty steelwork | Creates a durable, insulating char designed for severe thermal exposure | Oil and gasOffshoreChemical plants | UL 1709; ISO 22899; EN 13381-8; other hydrocarbon-fire test protocols as specified | High durability, impact resistance and suitability for hydrocarbon-fire scenarios | Higher material cost, complex application control and significant surface-preparation requirements | Supplied globally through specialist industrial fireproofing and energy-sector channels |
| 4 | Cementitious Spray Fireproofing | Portland cement or gypsum-based binder with mineral aggregates and reinforcing additives | Structural steel, concrete and selected composite assemblies | Provides a thick, low-conductivity protective layer that delays temperature rise | High-rise constructionInfrastructureIndustrial buildings | ASTM E119; UL 263; EN 13381 series; ISO 834, depending on the tested assembly | Cost-effective for large areas, high fire-resistance ratings and fast coverage by spray equipment | Thicker finish, possible mechanical damage, dust during application and sensitivity to water exposure | One of the most broadly distributed passive-fire-protection categories worldwide |
| 5 | Vermiculite-Based Fireproofing | Vermiculite aggregate combined with cementitious, gypsum or proprietary mineral binders | Steel columns, beams, floors and selected concrete structures | Mineral insulation reduces heat transfer and protects the substrate from rapid temperature rise | Commercial constructionTransport facilitiesLarge steel frames | EN 13381 series; ASTM E119; UL 263; national building-code test methods | Lightweight compared with dense concrete and suitable for high fire-resistance requirements | Requires controlled thickness, suitable reinforcement and protection from impact or prolonged wetting | Available in many international markets where spray-applied mineral fireproofing is established |
| 6 | Gypsum-Based Fire-Resistive Coating | Gypsum binder with lightweight mineral fillers, fibers and performance modifiers | Structural steel and selected interior building assemblies | Releases chemically bound water and forms a thermally stable protective layer | Interior constructionInstitutional buildingsOffice towers | ASTM E119; UL 263; EN 13381 series, when tested as part of an approved assembly | Low density, good coverage efficiency and compatibility with many interior construction systems | Generally less suitable for persistent humidity, exterior exposure or severe mechanical impact | Commonly supplied through building-material and passive-fire-protection networks |
| 7 | Fire-Retardant Timber Coating | Water-based acrylic, alkyd or hybrid resin containing phosphorus, nitrogen or mineral fire-retardant additives | Solid wood, plywood, engineered wood and decorative timber panels | Reduces flame spread, limits smoke contribution or promotes formation of a protective char | Interior woodworkPublic buildingsDecorative panels | EN 13501-1; ASTM E84; ASTM E2768; local surface-burning and flame-spread requirements | Preserves visible wood appearance and can be applied by brush, roller or spray | Performance depends on wood species, coating loading, maintenance and indoor or outdoor exposure | Widely sold through architectural coatings, timber-treatment and construction-material suppliers |
| 8 | Cable Fire-Resistant Coating | Water-based or solvent-based acrylic, silicone, elastomeric or intumescent formulation | Power cables, control cables, cable trays and grouped cable penetrations | Limits flame spread and may create an insulating or ablative barrier around cable assemblies | Power plantsData centersTunnelsIndustrial facilities | IEC 60332; IEC 60331; EN 50266; UL 2196 or project-specific cable-fire standards | Useful for congested cable routes and retrofit fire-risk reduction | Must be verified for the exact cable construction, grouping, coating thickness and installation method | Specialist products are available internationally through electrical and firestop distributors |
| 9 | Ablative Fire-Resistant Coating | Resin matrix containing mineral, ceramic or other heat-absorbing fillers | Cables, ducts, pipes, composite components and selected industrial surfaces | Gradually erodes or decomposes while absorbing heat and releasing protective gases or moisture | PenetrationsMarine systemsIndustrial services | ASTM E814; UL 1479; EN 1366 series; project-specific firestop test methods | Effective for irregular geometries and certain penetration or service-protection details | Thickness loss during fire exposure must be considered, and field repairs require compatible materials | Available through specialist firestop, marine and industrial protection supply chains |
| 10 | Tunnel and Concrete Fire-Protection Coating | Polymer-modified cementitious, geopolymer, mineral or specialized ablative binder systems | Concrete linings, tunnel ceilings, slabs, walls and selected reinforced-concrete structures | Insulates concrete, reduces explosive spalling risk and slows heat penetration to reinforcement | Road tunnelsRail tunnelsParking structuresInfrastructure | EN 13381-3; RABT-ZTV; hydrocarbon-fire tunnel protocols; project-specific national standards | Designed for severe fire curves and large-area infrastructure protection | Requires substrate assessment, adhesion control, thickness verification and long-term maintenance planning | Supplied internationally by infrastructure, concrete-repair and passive-fire-protection contractors |