| Amyloid-β testing | Aβ42, Aβ40, and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio | Antibody pairs, immunoassay reagents, calibrators, controls, and research kits | Cerebrospinal fluid; plasma products are also developed for research use | ELISA, chemiluminescent immunoassay, and ultrasensitive digital immunoassay | Analytical sensitivity, pre-analytical stability, matrix validation, lot-to-lot consistency, and reference-method alignment |
| Phosphorylated tau testing | p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, and related phosphorylated tau epitopes | Immunoassay kits, matched antibody reagents, assay components, and validation panels | Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid | High-sensitivity immunoassay, electrochemiluminescence, and digital immunoassay | Epitope specificity, interference testing, low-concentration precision, clinical cutoff validation, and cross-platform comparability |
| Total tau testing | Total tau protein | ELISA kits, antibody pairs, recombinant standards, and quality-control materials | Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma | Sandwich ELISA and automated immunoassay systems | Specificity for full-length and fragmented tau, dynamic range, recovery, precision, and specimen handling requirements |
| Neurofilament light-chain testing | NfL | Research immunoassay kits, reagent pairs, calibrators, and quality-control samples | Plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid | Ultrasensitive immunoassay, chemiluminescence, and digital immunoassay | Very low concentration performance, sample-type compatibility, freeze–thaw stability, and assay precision |
| Glial fibrillary acidic protein testing | GFAP | Research-use immunoassays, antibody reagents, calibrators, and controls | Plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid | ELISA, chemiluminescent immunoassay, and high-sensitivity immunoassay | Analytical specificity, blood–brain barrier-related matrix effects, stability data, and clinical study support |
| Multiplex biomarker panels | Combinations of Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau, t-tau, NfL, and GFAP | Multiplex assay panels, bead-based reagents, microarray reagents, and custom panels | Plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and selected biobank specimens | Bead-based multiplexing, electrochemiluminescence, microarrays, and targeted mass spectrometry | Cross-reactivity, analyte interaction, panel uniformity, throughput, data normalization, and instrument compatibility |
| Antibody and recombinant-protein supply | Amyloid-β peptides, tau isoforms, phosphorylated tau epitopes, NfL, and GFAP | Monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, peptides, and labeled assay reagents | Applicable to assay development, validation, and laboratory research | Hybridoma development, recombinant expression, peptide synthesis, and antibody conjugation | Sequence and epitope documentation, purity, affinity, modification status, concentration assignment, and technical support |
| Assay development and OEM support | Single-analyte or multi-analyte AD biomarker panels | Custom reagent sets, prototype kits, private-label manufacturing, and assay-transfer packages | Customer-defined clinical or research specimens | ELISA, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and automated immunoassay platforms | Development timeline, minimum order quantity, method transfer, documentation, stability studies, and change-control procedures |
| Quality and regulatory support | All biomarker categories, depending on intended use | Certificates of analysis, safety data, technical files, validation reports, and lot-specific documentation | Research, clinical-study, and diagnostic-laboratory workflows | Documented quality systems and controlled manufacturing processes | Confirm whether products are research-use only or cleared for clinical use in the destination market; review ISO certification, traceability, complaint handling, and import documentation |
| International supply and logistics | Reagents, kits, calibrators, controls, and frozen biological materials where legally permitted | Ambient, refrigerated, or frozen shipments according to product specifications | Laboratory specimens and temperature-sensitive materials | Temperature-monitored packaging and documented shipment procedures | Shelf life, cold-chain capability, customs classification, transport validation, replacement policy, and destination-country compliance |