| 1 | Low-turbidity nephelometric sensor | Measures light scattered by suspended particles, commonly at approximately 90° to the incident beam. | Drinking-water treatment and filtered-water monitoring. | Optical stability, stray-light control, and clean measurement surfaces are important at low turbidity. |
| 2 | Infrared nephelometric sensor | Uses an infrared light source and scattered-light detection; infrared nephelometry is specified in ISO 7027-1 for applicable measurement methods. | Water and wastewater process monitoring where an infrared measurement method is suitable. | Optical geometry and calibration method affect comparability; the method should match the applicable procedure. |
| 3 | White-light nephelometric sensor | Uses visible white light and scattered-light detection; U.S. EPA Method 180.1 is a recognized nephelometric method for applicable waters. | Water testing and monitoring where measurement procedures call for a white-light method. | Results from different optical methods may not be directly interchangeable without method-specific validation. |
| 4 | Insertion-type process probe | A probe is installed through a tank wall or pipe fitting to measure turbidity in the process stream. | Continuous monitoring in treatment plants and industrial water systems. | Installation position, flow conditions, fouling, and access for maintenance influence performance. |
| 5 | ImmersIon Sensor | An optical probe is submerged directly in a basin, tank, or channel. | Clarifiers, reservoirs, wastewater channels, and other open or accessible vessels. | Probe placement, bubbles, sediment accumulation, and cleaning access should be considered. |
| 6 | Flow-through sensor or analyzer | A sample passes through a measurement cell with a controlled optical path. | Online sample-stream monitoring in water treatment and laboratory or pilot systems. | Sample flow, air bubbles, cell cleanliness, and representative sampling are key considerations. |
| 7 | Multi-angle or ratio turbidity sensor | Combines signals from more than one optical angle or detector to support measurement across changing particle conditions. | Applications with changing turbidity or particle characteristics, subject to the instrument’s validated range. | Detector alignment, signal processing, and calibration across the intended range are important. |
| 8 | High-turbidity process sensor | Uses an optical arrangement selected for more concentrated suspensions, often with attention to attenuation and multiple scattering. | Wastewater, slurry, and process streams with substantial suspended solids. | The specified range and calibration are application-dependent; heavy fouling and particle variation can affect readings. |
| 9 | Portable turbidity meter with probe | A handheld meter reads a compatible probe or sample cell for field measurements. | Field surveys, operational checks, and spot measurements. | Portability, battery life, calibration workflow, and consistent sample handling matter. |
| 10 | Multi-parameter monitoring assembly | Integrates a turbidity measurement with other water-quality sensors in a shared probe or monitoring system. | Water-quality stations and treatment processes requiring several parameters at one location. | Sensor compatibility, maintenance access, data integration, and calibration schedules should be planned together. |