| 1 | Woven Geotextile | Polypropylene or polyester; interlaced yarns | Separation, reinforcement, filtration, and limited drainage | Road bases, railways, soft-soil improvement, working platforms, and retaining structures | High tensile strength, controlled aperture size, low elongation, and strong installation resistance | ASTM D4439, D4632, D4595, D4751, D4833, and D4491 |
| 2 | Nonwoven Geotextile | Polypropylene or polyester; mechanically bonded fibers | Filtration, separation, cushioning, and drainage | French drains, erosion control, landfill drainage, road separation, and protection layers | High permeability, multidirectional strength, puncture resistance, and conformability | ASTM D4439, D4632, D4491, D4751, D4833, and D5199 |
| 3 | Geogrid | Polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene; integral or woven grid structure | Soil reinforcement, load distribution, and aggregate interlock | Pavement foundations, reinforced slopes, retaining walls, embankments, and haul roads | High tensile strength, junction integrity, aperture stability, and low creep for long-term loading | ASTM D4439, D6637, D7737, and D5262 |
| 4 | HDPE Geomembrane | High-density polyethylene; flexible polymeric sheet | Liquid and vapor containment, barrier protection, and environmental isolation | Landfill liners and caps, mining ponds, wastewater lagoons, canals, and aquaculture ponds | Very low permeability, chemical resistance, weldability, and strong environmental stress-crack resistance | ASTM D4439, D5199, D6693, D5820, D5885, D5397, and D7240 |
| 5 | PVC Geomembrane | Plasticized polyvinyl chloride; flexible sheet | Containment, waterproofing, and barrier protection | Decorative and irrigation ponds, secondary containment, tunnels, reservoirs, and water features | High flexibility, field weldability, good elongation, and adaptable performance at irregular subgrades | ASTM D4439, D5199, D6693, D638, D7466, and D8142 |
| 6 | Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) | Bentonite clay between geotextile carriers | Hydraulic barrier, self-sealing, and composite liner support | Landfill liners and covers, secondary containment, canals, and wastewater facilities | Low hydraulic conductivity after hydration, swelling capacity, peel resistance, and internal shear strength | ASTM D4439, D5887, D5890, D6496, D6768, and D6243 |
| 7 | Geonet | High-density polyethylene; intersecting net ribs | In-plane drainage and fluid or gas transmission | Landfill leachate collection, landfill cover drainage, and foundation drainage | Transmissivity, compressive resistance, chemical stability, and dimensional consistency | ASTM D4439, D4716, D5199, D6364, and D7748 |
| 8 | Geocomposite Drainage Layer | Geonet or drainage core combined with one or more geotextiles | Drainage, filtration, separation, and protection | Retaining walls, green roofs, landfill covers, basement walls, and roadway drainage | In-plane flow capacity, filtration compatibility, compressive strength, and interface stability | ASTM D4439, D4716, D4491, D4751, D5199, and D6364 |
| 9 | Geocell | Textured high-density polyethylene; three-dimensional cellular confinement system | Lateral confinement, load distribution, erosion control, and surface stabilization | Unpaved roads, channel protection, slope stabilization, access roads, and shallow foundations | Weld or joint strength, cell dimensions, dimensional stability, and confinement efficiency | ASTM D4439, D5199, D638, D6693, and project-specific seam or joint testing |
| 10 | Geosynthetic Erosion-Control Blanket | Natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or permanent three-dimensional polymer matrix | Surface erosion control, soil retention, and vegetation establishment | Slopes, drainage channels, embankments, streambanks, and disturbed construction sites | Rainfall impact resistance, shear stress resistance, open area, tensile strength, and biodegradation rate | ASTM D4439, D6459, D6460, D6567, and D6525 |