| End Use | State the final product and its working environment, such as shopping bags, medical gowns, hygiene products, agriculture covers, furniture lining, or filtration media. | Specify one primary application and any secondary use conditions. | Provide product drawings, photographs, samples, or a written application description. | A supplier should recommend fabric properties based on the end use rather than quote only by weight. |
| Manufacturing Process | Identify whether spunbond, meltblown, spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS), or a laminated structure is required. | Spunbond for strength and general-purpose products; meltblown for fine filtration; SMS for a combination of barrier and strength. | Request the production process description and a technical data sheet. | Different processes produce substantially different filtration, barrier, softness, and mechanical properties. |
| Raw Material | Define virgin or recycled polypropylene, homopolymer or copolymer, and whether additives are permitted. | Virgin polypropylene for applications requiring consistent strength, cleanliness, and appearance. | Request a raw-material declaration and, when necessary, third-party chemical or migration testing. | Confirm whether recycled content is allowed for the intended application and market. |
| Basis Weight | Set the target mass per unit area and acceptable tolerance. | Typical commercial ranges are approximately 10–30 g/m² for light spunbond, 40–100 g/m² for heavier spunbond, and 15–60 g/m² for many SMS structures. | Measure according to ISO 9073-1 or an agreed equivalent method. | A practical order specification should include a target value and a tolerance, for example 50 g/m² ±5%. |
| Fabric Width | Define finished width, usable width, edge trim, and whether slit rolls or folded rolls are required. | Specify the exact finished width in millimetres and an agreed width tolerance, commonly within ±1–2% depending on the product. | Check roll width at several points using a calibrated measuring tool. | The usable width may be smaller than the nominal roll width because of edge defects or trimming. |
| Roll Length and Core | Define roll length, outer diameter, core internal diameter, core material, and maximum roll weight. | Common roll lengths range from approximately 100 to 2,000 metres, depending on basis weight, width, and handling limits. | Measure roll length or use a calibrated length counter; inspect core dimensions and winding quality. | Roll weight and diameter should match the buyer’s converting and transportation equipment. |
| Tensile Strength | Set minimum machine-direction (MD) and cross-direction (CD) strength requirements. | For general spunbond, define separate MD and CD minimums; a starting requirement may be 30–100 N per 50 mm, depending on basis weight and construction. | Test using ISO 9073-3, ASTM D5035, or another mutually agreed standard. | Strength should be specified in both directions because web orientation can create a significant difference between MD and CD. |
| Elongation | Define the acceptable stretch before break and whether flexibility or dimensional stability is more important. | Typical spunbond elongation may range from about 20% to 100%, depending on process, basis weight, and test direction. | Use the same tensile test method and report MD and CD results separately. | High elongation can improve drape but may reduce dimensional stability during converting. |
| Tear Resistance | Set minimum resistance to propagation of a tear for bags, covers, packaging, or protective products. | Define a minimum value by direction after confirming the product design and basis weight. | Use ISO 9073-4, ASTM D5733, or an agreed equivalent method. | Tear performance should be evaluated together with tensile strength, seam design, and puncture resistance. |
| Air Permeability | Specify the required breathability or airflow rate, especially for hygiene, medical, agricultural, and filtration products. | Set a numerical airflow range rather than using only terms such as “breathable” or “high permeability.” | Test according to ISO 9237 or ASTM D737 at a defined pressure differential. | Results vary with test pressure, sample area, fabric structure, and instrument settings. |
| Water Resistance | Define whether the material must resist light spray, hydrostatic pressure, or liquid penetration. | For basic splash resistance, request a water-repellent finish; for barrier applications, set a hydrostatic pressure or liquid-barrier requirement. | Use AATCC 22 for spray rating or ISO 811 for hydrostatic pressure, as applicable. | A water-repellent surface finish is not automatically equivalent to a liquid-proof barrier. |
| Filtration Performance | Define particle size, test aerosol, filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and whether bacteria or particulate filtration is required. | For meltblown or SMS media, specify the target efficiency and pressure drop at a defined flow rate and test condition. | Request a complete test report with test method, airflow, particle size, sample conditioning, and results. | Do not compare filtration percentages from different test methods or test conditions without technical review. |
| Surface Finish | Define hydrophilic, hydrophobic, antistatic, flame-retardant, UV-stabilized, or antibacterial treatment requirements. | Use only treatments directly related to the product’s performance and regulatory needs. | Request finish details, durability data, and relevant chemical safety documentation. | Some finishes can affect softness, odor, recyclability, printability, or skin-contact suitability. |
| Color and Appearance | Specify color reference, opacity, uniformity, surface texture, pinholes, streaks, wrinkles, and acceptable defect frequency. | Use a physical color standard or a recognized color reference and define an inspection limit for visible defects. | Approve a pre-production sample and inspect production rolls under consistent lighting. | Color consistency can be affected by polymer additives, masterbatch concentration, production speed, and lot changes. |
| Softness and Hand Feel | Describe the required touch, drape, stiffness, and noise level during handling. | Approve a physical reference sample because softness is difficult to define using basis weight alone. | Compare conditioned samples using an agreed tactile or bending test where applicable. | Calendering, embossing, additives, fiber fineness, and basis weight all influence hand feel. |
| Sealing and Converting | Identify the required method, such as ultrasonic welding, heat sealing, sewing, adhesive lamination, or printing. | Provide the converting machine type, operating temperature, line speed, and sealing pattern. | Run a trial using production-intent fabric and measure seam strength and appearance. | Fabric optimized for one sealing process may not perform equally well with another process. |
| Printability | Define printing method, ink type, color count, adhesion, drying speed, and image quality. | Confirm whether the fabric requires corona treatment, coating, or a smoother surface. | Request a printed trial and perform adhesion, rub, and visual inspections. | Surface treatment can improve ink adhesion but may change surface energy and handling properties. |
| Chemical and Safety Compliance | List the destination market and any requirements for restricted substances, heavy metals, skin contact, food contact, or medical use. | Request a current declaration of conformity and test reports applicable to the destination market. | Verify test laboratory details, report dates, sample descriptions, and applicable regulations. | A general material safety sheet does not replace product-specific compliance testing. |
| Quality Control Plan | Define inspection stages, sampling method, critical defects, acceptable quality limits, and release documents. | Require checks for basis weight, width, roll length, appearance, tensile properties, and packaging condition. | Review a batch inspection report and compare it with an independently inspected sample when necessary. | Critical requirements should be written into the purchase specification before mass production. |
| Sample and Approval Process | Set sample quantity, sample size, test duration, approval criteria, and the process for handling deviations. | Approve a documented reference sample before placing a mass-production order. | Compare the production lot with the approved sample and agreed numerical specifications. | A retained reference sample helps resolve disputes involving color, feel, appearance, and roll construction. |
| Packaging and Storage | Define wrapping material, moisture protection, palletization, labels, batch coding, and storage conditions. | Use sealed protective packaging with clear lot, width, basis weight, length, and production-date identification. | Inspect packaging integrity and verify that labels match the purchase order and test documents. | Store polypropylene non-woven fabric in a clean, dry area away from excessive heat, sunlight, and contamination. |