| 2D Area-Scan Vision | Stationary or indexed parts; labels, presence or absence, surface marks, dimensions, and assembly checks. | Two-dimensional images and measurements in the camera’s field of view. | Flexible setup for discrete parts; widely applicable; can capture a full scene in one exposure when the field of view and resolution permit. | Does not directly measure height or depth. Results can be affected by glare, shadows, low contrast, and part-position variation. | Confirm pixel resolution at the actual field of view, lens working distance, exposure time, lighting arrangement, and performance on representative samples. |
| 2D Line-Scan Vision | Continuous materials or moving products, such as web, sheet, paper, film, textiles, and conveyed surfaces. | Continuous two-dimensional images assembled from successive scan lines as the material moves. | Can inspect long or wide moving surfaces; image length is not limited to a single area-camera frame. | Requires synchronized motion and scanning. Speed variation, vibration, or poor encoder setup can distort images. | Check line rate against line speed, encoder synchronization, cross-web resolution, illumination uniformity, and data-processing capacity. |
| 3D Laser-Triangulation Profiling | Moving parts or surfaces where height, profile, edge position, or cross-sectional shape matters. | Height profiles; multiple profiles can be combined into a 3D surface representation. | Measures surface geometry rather than relying only on brightness differences; useful for steps, gaps, warpage, and profile checks. | Performance can be affected by highly reflective, transparent, dark, or steep surfaces, depending on the sensor and setup. | Validate height repeatability, lateral resolution, scan speed, sensor angle, surface compatibility, and calibration method. |
| Structured-Light 3D Imaging | Stationary or briefly presented objects requiring a broader 3D shape or surface capture. | A 3D point cloud or surface map calculated from projected patterns and camera images. | Captures surface shape over an area; can support dimensional checks on complex objects without contact. | Movement during capture can introduce artifacts. Occlusions and reflective or transparent surfaces may reduce usable data. | Assess capture time, working volume, point spacing, occlusion handling, surface finish, and required measurement uncertainty. |
| Multispectral or Hyperspectral Imaging | Applications where material or chemical differences are not reliably distinguishable in ordinary color or grayscale images. | Images across selected wavelength bands or many contiguous spectral bands, depending on the system. | Can reveal spectral differences that standard visible-light imaging may not show; useful for selected sorting and material-inspection tasks. | Often involves more complex calibration, lighting, data handling, and application-specific analysis than conventional imaging. | Test whether the target materials have measurable spectral separation; confirm illumination, scan speed, calibration, and analysis requirements. |